India holds a prominent position in the global organic farming landscape, ranking first in the number of organic farmers and ninth in terms of the area dedicated to organic farming. This article explores the current state of organic farming in India, government initiatives, certification schemes, and future prospects.
Indian Scenario Regarding Organic Farming
India’s organic farming sector is diverse and evolving. Notably:
- Pioneering State: Sikkim made history in 2016 by becoming the first state in the world to achieve full organic status. This milestone underscores the state’s commitment to sustainable agricultural practices.
- Traditional Practices: North East India, along with various tribal and island territories, has traditionally practiced organic farming. The use of chemicals in these regions is significantly lower compared to other parts of the country.
- Export Growth: India’s major organic exports include flax seeds, sesame, soybean, tea, medicinal plants, rice, and pulses. In 2018-19, there was a remarkable 50% increase in organic exports, reaching ₹5,151 crore. The expansion of exports from states like Assam, Mizoram, Manipur, and Nagaland to countries such as the UK, USA, Eswatini, and Italy highlights the growing demand for health foods and the sector’s potential.
Government Initiatives to Promote Organic Farming
To bolster organic farming, the Indian government has launched several initiatives:
- Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North East Region (MOVCD-NER): Launched in 2015, this Central Sector Scheme aims to develop certified organic production in a value chain model, linking growers with consumers. It is implemented in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura, with a focus on supporting the entire value chain.
- Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): Also introduced in 2015, PKVY is part of the Soil Health Management (SHM) project under the National Mission of Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). The scheme promotes organic farming through a cluster-based approach and Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) certification, which helps in developing organic villages.
Certification Schemes
- Participatory Guarantee System (PGS): Managed by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), PGS certifies organic products based on adherence to quality standards. The PGS Green certification indicates chemical-free produce transitioning to organic status over three years and is primarily for domestic markets.
- National Program for Organic Production (NPOP): NPOP provides third-party certification for organic farming aimed at export markets, ensuring adherence to international standards.
Additional Support Mechanisms
- Soil Health Card Scheme: This scheme has led to an 8-10% reduction in chemical fertilizer usage and a 5-6% increase in productivity, promoting healthier soil and more sustainable practices.
- Agri-Export Policy 2018: Focused on clustering and marketing “Produce of India,” this policy has positively impacted the organic sector by enhancing visibility and sales.
- One District – One Product (ODOP): This program aims to boost the visibility and sale of indigenous products from Uttar Pradesh, creating employment opportunities and supporting local farmers.
- PM Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PM FME): Launched under the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan,’ this scheme provides new technology and affordable credit to help small entrepreneurs enter new markets.
- Zero Budget Natural Farming: This method emphasizes chemical-free agriculture by drawing on traditional Indian practices and utilizing organic residues, cow dung, and composts.
Way Forward
Organic farming in India is deeply rooted in traditional practices, with farmers historically relying on natural inputs for agriculture. Aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 2, which focuses on ending hunger, achieving food security, and promoting sustainable agriculture, the future of organic farming in India looks promising. With increasing awareness and capacity building to meet international standards, Indian organic farmers are well-positioned to strengthen their role in the global agricultural trade.
