How to Grow and Care for Plumeria Flowers
Also known as frangipani, plumeria trees are beloved for their captivating fragrance and beautiful flowers. With its tropical origins, plumeria (Plumeria spp.) is known for its waxy, five-petaled blossoms, often used in Hawaiian leis. Despite being slow-growing, these trees or shrubs can reach heights of up to 30 feet, especially in ideal conditions. Plumeria thrives in full to partial sun, well-draining soil, and humid climates.
Overview of Plumeria
- Common Name: Plumeria, frangipani
- Botanical Name: Plumeria spp.
- Family: Apocynaceae
- Plant Type: Tree, shrub
- Mature Size: 10-30 ft. tall, 20-25 ft. wide
- Sun Exposure: Full, partial
- Soil Type: Loamy, sandy, well-drained
- Soil pH: Acidic to neutral (6.5–7.0)
- Bloom Time: Summer, fall
- Flower Color: White, yellow, pink, red, orange
- Hardiness Zones: USDA 10-11
- Native Area: North and South America, Caribbean
Plumeria Care
Proper care is crucial for healthy and vibrant plumeria. Here’s how to take care of them:
- Sunlight: Provide plumeria with at least 8 hours of full sun each day for optimal growth and blooming.
- Watering: Water once a week, increasing it during hotter periods or when the plant is exposed to direct sunlight for longer periods.
- Soil: Well-drained loamy or sandy soil is best, as soggy soil may lead to root rot.
- Fertilization: Use a high-phosphorus fertilizer once a month during the growing season to encourage blooming.
- Protection from Cold: Keep the plant protected from temperatures below 50°F as plumeria is sensitive to cold weather.
Planting Plumeria
- Digging the Hole: Create a wide, shallow hole, three times the size of the root ball or nursery container. Place the plant upright and fill the hole with soil, tamping it down to remove air pockets.
- Anchoring the Roots: Due to plumeria’s shallow root system, place large stones around the base to help stabilize it, especially in windy conditions.
- Transplanting Time: The best time to transplant plumeria is during spring.
Light
Plumeria thrives in full sunlight, although it can tolerate partial shade. For best results, ensure it receives 8 hours of direct sunlight each day.
Soil
Although plumeria prefers loamy, nutrient-rich soil, it can adapt to various soil types as long as they drain well. Soggy soil must be avoided as it can lead to root rot.
Watering
Follow the rule of thumb: about one inch of water per week, adjusted depending on sunlight exposure. During winter dormancy, reduce watering significantly, especially for outdoor plants.
Temperature and Humidity
Plumeria flourishes in hot, humid environments. It cannot tolerate frost, so it should be brought indoors or protected in regions where temperatures drop below 50°F.
Fertilizer
While landscape plumeria can thrive without regular fertilization, potted plants require a high-phosphorus fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Avoid nitrogen-heavy fertilizers, as they encourage foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
Types of Plumeria
Plumeria comes in various species, each with unique colors and characteristics. Here are a few popular varieties:
- P. rubra: Famous for its intensely fragrant flowers that come in multiple colors. Native to Central America and Mexico, it grows up to 15 feet tall and wide.
- P. alba: Known as white plumeria, this species has yellow-centered flowers and grows between 15 to 25 feet tall.
- P. obtusa: Often referred to as Singapore plumeria, it blooms in pink or white and reaches 10-15 feet.
- P. pudica: This heavily blooming tree reaches 15 feet and features white or cream-colored flowers.
Pruning
Pruning is usually unnecessary unless you want to shape your plumeria. If pruning is needed, do so in late winter or early spring, cutting back branches to about half their length. Be cautious, as plumeria flowers grow from the branch tips, and excessive pruning may reduce blooms.
Important Care Tips
- Handling: Plumeria sap can cause skin irritation, so handle it with care and wear gloves when pruning.
- Overwatering Warning: Avoid overwatering, especially during winter dormancy.
- Root Rot Prevention: Use well-drained soil to prevent root rot.
Propagating Plumeria
Plumeria can easily be propagated using stem cuttings during the spring.
- Take a 12-18 inch cutting from a mature branch.
- Let the cutting dry for a week to callous over.
- Dip the cutting into rooting hormone and plant it in a pot filled with well-draining soil.
- Keep it in a warm, bright spot and water sparingly until it roots.
Potting and Repotting
Plumeria’s shallow roots make it ideal for pots. Choose wide containers to prevent the plant from toppling over in windy conditions. Repot the plant every few years or refresh the top layer of soil with nutrient-rich compost.
Overwintering
For areas outside USDA hardiness zones 10-11, bring potted plumeria indoors when temperatures fall below 50°F. Let the plant go dormant in a cool room and reduce watering during this period.
Common Pests and Diseases
Though relatively pest-resistant, plumeria can attract whiteflies, mealybugs, and spider mites. Fungal issues like leaf spot, rust, and black tip fungus can also occur, especially in overly moist conditions.
How to Get Plumeria to Bloom
Plumeria typically blooms between May and November. For more blooms, deadhead spent flowers and choose a variety known for prolific flowering.
Common Problems With Plumeria
- Wrinkled or Soft Branches: Overwatering or exposure to cold can cause this. Remove affected branches and apply an anti-fungal treatment if needed.
- Yellowing Leaves: Often caused by overwatering. Allow the soil to dry out completely before the next watering session.
FAQs
When does plumeria bloom?
Plumeria typically blooms between May and November, but this varies depending on the species and local climate.
Is plumeria hard to grow?
No, plumeria is relatively easy to grow as long as it receives ample sunlight, water, and proper care.
Can plumerias grow well in pots?
Yes, plumeria grows well in pots, especially outside USDA zones 10-11. Use a large pot with good drainage to support its root system.
